Hamlet through his foils †Laertes, Fortinbras and Horatio Essay

It is without doubt that William Shakespeare has created many unique, thought – provoking characters. Hamlet is by far Shakespeare’s most compelling character. In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, various character traits, exhibited by Hamlet, can be seen through his foils. Similarities with Hamlet and Horatio’s education, as well as their levels, can be drawn. However, Hamlet’s character is in constant change and even philosophical. Fortinbras, without question encompasses many of Hamlet’s qualities. They are both born with nobility, along with a similar lineage. However, Fortinbras is more aggressive and even sneaky. Laertes, Hamlet’s late antagonist, is both impulsive and righteous. However, they differ in terms of their nobility, as well as their father’s behaviour. The character traits exemplified by Hamlet also comprise his foils. In relation to Hamlet’s three foils, Horatio is the most dissimilar. When Horatio first enters the play, Hamlet says, â€Å"And what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio.† (I,ii,171) Hamlet is making reference to the city that their university, which they both study at, is located. With respect to education, these two characters are one; they are both deemed scholars. One characteristic also shared between the two is their courage. When the ghost first appears Horatio fiercely challenges him, â€Å"By heaven I charge thee speak.† (I,i,58) Ghosts are unique in the respect that they are the supernatural; they are able to walk through doors, be immune to fires and even ascend. Thus, upsetting a ghost is certainly a courageous act as Horatio is easily susceptible to consequence. Another similarity, these two characters demonstrate is their belief in God. When the ghost leaves Horatio says, â€Å"Before my God, I might not this believe.† (I,i,65) Hamlet also makes reference to an afterlife, â€Å"But that the dread of something after death, /The undiscovered country from whose bourn/No traveller returns.† (III,i, 85-87) In this portion of his soliloquy, Hamlet is making reference to afterlife, a belief held in conjunction with religious people. Although this was a religious time period, not all characters make references to God, thus this quality is worth addressing. Hamlet and Horatio have many personal characteristics that are similar. Like all other characters, Hamlet and Horatio have their differences. A major  idea exemplified throughout the play is that Horatio is a static character, one that does not develop. Hamlet however is bipolar, demonstrating moods that are at one moment excited and the other dreadful, to name a few. When Hamlet is first introduced in the play, his mother says, â€Å"Good Hamlet, cast they knighted colour off/And let thine eye look for a friend on Denmark.† (I,ii,69-70) From her comments, it is obvious that Hamlet is suffering. Upon the arrival of the players, Hamlet transforms into a more inquisitive mood and says, â€Å"I’ll have grounds/More relative than this. The play’s the thing/Wherein I’ll catch the conscious of the King.† (II,ii,615-617) Another difference between Hamlet and Horatio is Hamlet’s philosophical nature. This is one of Hamlet’s only constants throughout the play. Hamlet demonstrates this quality through many of his soliloquies. In the most famous speech in literature Hamlet says, To be, or not to be, that is the question. Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arm against a sea of troubles Any by opposing end them. (III,I,65-67) In this speech, Hamlet is intelligently contemplating living through pain and suffrage rather than committing suicide and ending the harsh life. Hamlet and Horatio differ in terms of consistency and a lack of trait. In relation to Hamlet’s three foils, Fortinbras is the most similar. Fortinbras and Hamlet are both born into nobility; their fathers were both rulers of their respective countries. However, this similarity runs deeper then readers first imagined. Fortinbras and Hamlet are in identical scenarios; they have dead fathers with uncles governing their country. Another similarity between these two are the purpose they are presently seeking. When the guards notice activity in the mills, Horatio says, Now, sir, young Fortinbras, Of unimproved mettle hot and full, Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there Sharked up a list of lawless resolutes, For food and diet, to some enterprise That hath a stomach in it, which is no other, †¦ But to recover of us, by strong hand And terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands So by his father lost. (I,i, 109- 115) In this speech, it is obvious that young Fortinbras is out for revenge. He is not content with what happened to his father. After a visit by the ghost, Hamlet says, â€Å"Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell.† (II,ii,596). In this soliloquy, Hamlet mentions his existential purpose in life, which is to extract revenge for his father, as he too is unhappy with the current conditions. These two characters share similarities that they have been born into. As much similar they are, Hamlet and Fortinbras have several differences. A major distinction between Hamlet and Fortinbras is that Fortinbras is more aggressive with his intent. In Claudius’s opening speech, he says Of this his nephew’s purpose, – to suppress His further gait herein, in that the levies, The list and full proportions, are all made Out of his subject. And we here dispatch. (I,ii,30-33) In this speech, it is clear that Fortinbras is more driven in his purpose and has the ‘wheels in motion.’ In one of Hamlet’s soliloquy’s he says, But in fiction, in a dream of passion Could force his souls so to his own conceit That from her working all his visage waned, Tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect (II,ii, 563-566) Hamlet’s philosophical nature is not helping his main objective. One can argue that he has had reasons not to act when he has been given chance. However, this is clearly an instance when he should stop portraying Socrates’ and focus more on his objective. A major difference between Hamlet and Fortinbras is that Fortinbras is a snake, ruthless with intent. After threatening to attack their country, he was granted permission to pass through for battle. â€Å"Tell him that by his license, Fortinbras/Craves the conveyance of a promised march/Over his kingdom. You know the rendezvous.† (IV,iv,1-3). However, at the conclusion of the play, Fortinbras arrives ready to overtake the kingdom. He doesn’t care for the gracious favour that Denmark had granted him. As well, he attacks without notice, a use practiced by terrorists in the present day; he is as evil as they come. Hamlet and Fortinbras differ in terms of their willingness as well as a lack of a trait. Laertes and Hamlet share many striking characteristics. It is obvious that Laertes is impulsive. Upon first hearing his father’s murder, he becomes angry with the king, even accusing him of the crime. To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. To this point I stand. That both the worlds I give to negligence, Let come what comes, only I’ll be revenged. (IV,vi,136-140) This speech is very powerful in conveying the vehemence that is surging through his veins. He is willing to take action immediately, not even knowing for certain who murdered his father. Hamlet displays his impulsiveness when he is speaking with his mother, after Polonius’s murder. When Hamlet pulls the curtains he says, â€Å"Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool.† (III,iv,37). Hamlet is astonished that Polonius is the one behind the curtains. Hamlet is filled with the intent on taking action but consequently does so impulsively and results in the wrong death. Another similarity between Hamlet and Laertes is there good nature, good intentions. Before his departure, Laertes has strict instructions for his sister. â€Å"And keep you in the rear of your affection/Our of the shot and danger of desire.† (I,iii,36-37) Unlike some of Shakespeare’s other characters, Goneril and Regan, Laertes genuinely cares for his sister. He warns her of the possible ramification s of continuing her relationship with hamlet, such as a broken heart. Hamlet is also obedient to his father’s wishes, â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.† (I,vi,29). Hamlet’s father instructs him to avenge his death. Hamlet is upset that his father is suffering and seeks to fix the ‘rotten things in Denmark.† (I,iv,99) Another similarity between these two characters is that their fathers are both sneaky. Polonius exemplifies this when he grants his son permission to return to Paris. He instructs Reynaldo, â€Å"By indirections find directions out.† (II,ii,71) Polonius makes it clear that he does not want his son to be aware that he is secretly keeping watch on him. Although Claudius is not the biological father of Hamlet, through marriage he obtains ‘fatherly’ figure. Claudius is intent on learning why Hamlet is upset and does not mind being sneaky in the process. When Polonius suggests hiding and listening to Hamlet, he does not object to it, he says, ‘thanks my dear lord.† (III,iii,38). Hamlet and Horatio have many personal  characteristics in common. One of the differences between Hamlet and Laertes is irrational thinking. When Claudius and Laertes are speaking, Laertes suggests, â€Å"To cut his throat in the church.† (Iv,viii,139). This is obviously an irrational method of obtaining justice. Hamlet is arguably the most intelligent character in the play. This is demonstrated countless times throughout the play. One of the instances is when the king sends Rosencrantz and Guilderstern to speak to Hamlet. It does not take long for Hamlet to be certain of their true intentions. For he says, â€Å"You were sent for, and there is a kind of confession in your looks which your modesties have not craft enough to colour.† (II,ii,292-295) Another difference between Hamlet and Laertes is their nobility. Hamlet is the heir to the throne, a noble figure by birth. Laertes, on the other hand, is the son to a councillor. They are both recognizable, but not of nobility. Laertes differs from Hamlet by encompassing less gratifying tra its. Hamlet’s characteristics can be seen through his foils. Horatio and Hamlet hold the same position in education and studied at the same university. They are both religious and courageous figures. They differ in terms of their nobility and constant moods. Fortinbras and Hamlet share lineage and nobility but are different in terms of aggressiveness and philosophical nature, or lack there of. Laertes and Hamlet are both impulsive, good with sneaky male parentage. They differ in terms of their nobility and even irrational thinking. Hamlet is Shakespeare’s most loved character. However, he is a combination of other characters. Thus he is not as truly unique, as one initially perceived.

Stationery Supply Proposal

Intellect Resources Limited 2, Kolawole Sebili Street Killa B/Stop, Iyana Ejigbo Ejigbo, Lagos [email  protected] com Intellect Res. Ltd Intellect Res. Ltd Intellect Resources Limited BOOKS AND GENERAL STATIONERY SUPPLIES 25 June 2011 Prepared By:Ige Michael Olatunde Sales Officer Prepared For: XXXX Nigeria Limited. DESCRIPTION XXX Nigeria Limited requires an a prompt and economical supply of general office stationery and related materials.Intellect Resources Limited is committed to supply books and general office stationery to XXX Nigeria limited in a prompt and cost effective manner to avoid unnecessary delays in XXX Nigeria Limited service deliveries, office operations, etc. OBJECTIVE 1. To employ the best practices in the conduct of business 2. Supply of goods that meet the requirement of client 3. Provide prompt and timely supplies irrespective of client location and status 4. Provide a network that ease access to urgent requirement and supplies 5.Make available a pedestal for customization of office equipment and preserve identity SCOPE OF SERVICE Our services include but not limited to the following 1. Supply of basic office consumables and supplies, mailing supplies, small office electronics, multimedia storage devices, ink and toner supplies and light office machines. 2. Supply of academic books ranging from creche to higher education books 3. Supply of business and motivational books 4. Conferencing and Meeting support services 5. Customisation of office equipments and identities 6.Library and allied services COST SUMMARY The following tables shows the estimated cost of stationery and office consummables supplied by our organisation. Basic Office Supplies No| Item| Brand/Make| Price/unit| Comments| 1| File fastener| | | | 2| Paper binder| | | | 3| Pape rings| | | | 4| Key tag| | | | 5| Foldback clips| | | | 6| Mounting tacks| | | | 7| Thimblettes| | | | 8| Rubber band| | | | 9| Adhesive tapes| | | | 10| pens| | | | 11| pencils| | | | 12| Correction pen| | | | 13| Correction fluid and brush| | | | 14| Correction tape| | | | 5| Adhesive notes| | | | 16| glues| | | | 17| Marker& cleaner| | | | 18| Rulers| | | | 19| Erasers| | | | 20| Writing pads/ Notepads| | | | 21| Key cabinet| | | | Mailing Supplies No| Item| Brand/Make| Price/unit| Comments| 1| Custom Label| | | | 2| Laser label| | | | 3| Bubble packaging| | | | 4| Tape dispenser| | | | 5| Envelopes| | | | 6| Shrink Wraps| | | | 7| Plastic bags| | | | 8| Mailing tubes| | | | 9| Shipping boxes| | | | 10| Paper packaging| | | | Electronics and storage Devices No| Item| Brand/Make| Price/unit| Comments| 1| Calculator| | | | | Voice recorder| | | | 3| Label maker| | | | 4| CD & DVD| | | | 5| CD cover, rack and stack| | | | 6| External hard drives| | | | 7| USB memory stick| | | | 8| Computer cables| | | | 9| Ink and cartridges| | | | 10| Copier toner| | | | 11| Copier papers| | | | 12| Inkjet and laser photo papers| | | | Light office Machines No| Item| Brand/Make| Price/unit| Co mments| 1| Stapler| | | | 2| Staple pins| | | | 3| Hole punches| | | | 4| Guillotine| | | | 5| Scissors| | | | 6| Utility knife| | | | 7| | | | | 8| | | | | 9| | | | | 10| | | | |The cost summary of other services rendered is provided on client’s request. Disclaimer: The above cost are estimates and valid within 20 days of preparation of this proposal DELIVERY In-stock goods are delivered within six hours after receiving a PO (Lagos only) and within 48 hours outside Lagos. CLOSING We are committed to prompt, timely and satisfactory delivery of goods and services. Our professional, dedicated personnel and open-ended supply chain keep us above board among our peers. We guarantee satisfaction of client in all areas of our business.

Early Intensive Behavior Intervention ( Eibi ) Based On...

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Entrepreneurship Is The Finding Of An Idea And Building It...

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The Ethics Of Embryonic Stem Cells - 1201 Words

Problem The society is not at an agreeable point when it comes to the research of stem cells obtained from human embryos. The disagreement narrows down to a clash between the two fundamental principles of ethics: The duty to prevent and alleviate suffering, and the duty to respect the value of human life. In most situations, both principles can be satisfied. However, in the research of embryonic stem cells, it might not be inherently possible. Generally, the clash between the two principles is not created by a violation of the duty to prevent or alleviate suffering. In fact, it is the prime purpose of the research. On the other hand, depending on the consideration of the statues of the embryo, the research might violate the duty to respect the value of life. If the embryo is considered a person, its research would be a violation to human life; if the embryo is not considered a person, there would be no violation to human life. 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Disadvantages of CCE free essay sample

The biggest disadvantage of the Central Board of Secondary Education Continuous Comprehensive Learning programme is the grading system that it uses. [ Students scoring 90 marks and 99 marks respectively will still both attain an A* grade, so it could be described as unfair for the student scoring the higher mark. One other shortcoming is the fact that huge numbers of students are grouped together. For example, last year there were 348 students in Navi Mummbai at Universal Tutorials all scoring more than 90 per cent. It is possible that a scenario will emerge wherein all students scoring above, say, 91 per cent in all subjects will have the same cumulative grading. This poses the problem of how do you rank them? What will the admission process for the Standard XI based on? In an attempt to address the problem a percentile mark has been introduced by the board. The percentile of a student indicates the position or rank of the student in percentage form. We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages of CCE or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The top ranked student will get a percentile of 100. This is calculated by the formula, Number of students below student X 100 divided by (total no of students -1). However, this in itself brings its own setback. The grading system may actually lead to more stress and disincentive to performance. In addition to CBSE, Secondary School Certificates by state boards and those governing the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education are also conducting exams for Standard X and continue to follow the marks system and percentage of mark in each subject. Marks percentage and percentile are not comparable. This leads to an open ended situation particularly for the Standard XI admission process and those seeking admission from CBSE to other boards. This issue is still to be resolved and a decision needs to be made regarding how it will be tackled. source:internet

Machiavellis The Prince Has Long Been Used And Studied As A Manual For

Machiavelli's The Prince has long been used and studied as a manual for those who are already in power or for those who wish to have power. Through rational thinking about political power, Machiavelli is the authoritative source on how one should lead and govern. To illustrate his points, Machiavelli uses many examples of leadership from his life and some from history before 1469. To many readers however these examples are not of relevance anymore because the examples are so dated. To bring the influence back into The Prince, we must put the work into a more modern context. In chapter 16, Machiavelli debates on whether it is better to be liberal or stingy in governing. In a leader both of these traits can be either beneficial or detrimental to leadership. Liberalism, if stopped, can cause those who one governs to believe that they are now stingy. Liberality is most dangerous for those already in power. The French Revolution, some would argue, started because of this scenario. When the French government got into outstanding debt the aristocracy turned to the people to bail them out. When the people were reluctant to this agreement with the noble classes, the middle class pleaded its case for economic reforms to help the government. When their requests were met, the people revolted. People live in the present and do not look to the past very well. Machiavelli concludes that leaders must start out stingy and work their liberality to their advantage. One who is seen as stingy on moment can make one gesture and be thought liberal and gain prestige from those they govern. In chapter 17 of The Prince, the discussion revolves around whether it is better to be feared or loved as a leader. Although all princes should strive for both, Machiavelli concludes that it is much better to be feared than loved. Many countries today use fear to control their population and rule effectively. Iraq's current dictator, Saddam Hussein, has used fear to control his large state since 1979. The country is very afraid of him and for good reason. It is common knowledge that anyone who would verbally or physically assault Saddam Hussein or his regime would most likely be executed. Many measures have been proposed to establish an International Court and try Saddam Hussein for crimes against humanity. The U.S. House International Relations Committee describes the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein [as one that has] created an environment of fear and terror within Iraq and throughout the region, with its gross violations of international law and human rights. The people of Iraq are subject to summary and arbitrary execution, torture, and repression of the freedom of speech. This description of the regime is exactly why Saddam Hussein has been able to maintain an iron grip on Iraq. When Hussein invaded Kuwait he put Machiavelli's opinion that causes for taking property are never lacking, and he who begins to live on plunder is always finding cause to seize what belongs to others (Norton 1715) into action. The allied forces rebutted in their need for secure oil because men forget the death of a father more quickly than the loss of the patrimony (Norton 1715) In the political climate in Iraq, if Saddam showed any love not behind the barrel of a gun, he would be removed from power expediently. Clearly for dictatorships around the world it is much better to be feared than to be loved. The chapter 18 assertion that men lie so therefore anyone may lie rings true today just as much as it did the Machiaveli's time. All people will lie if it is advantageous to their current situation. This principle is so common that it is not necessary to use examples to reinforce it. Later, Machiavelli states that men in general judge more with their eyes than by their hands; everybody is fitted to see, few to understand (Norton 1717). I think this idea rings true for today. The Election of 2000 must have been the most glossed over one I can remember. The American population is prone to look at appearances rather than actual leadership abilities. The author has heard it something to the effect that I'm gonna vote for