Lorex Pharmaceuticals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lorex Pharmaceuticals - Essay Example This essay discusses that Lorex Pharmaceuticals has developed and holds all patent rights to Linatol, a new high blood pressure medicine. Since the pharmaceutical industry operates in a monopolistically competitive atmosphere (where no specific pharmaceutical company dominates the market), the patent-holder of a new product can have considerable market advantage over other companies. Lorex pharmaceutical is therefore seeking solutions to optimize this competitive advantage by balancing cost, productivity, and quality with regards to the production of Linatol. To reach this end, the managers of Lorex Pharmaceuticals must determine and select a target amount to which each of the 10-ounce bottles of the product would be filled. This task takes into consideration two issues: 1) Specifying higher fill targets will lead to higher material cost but fewer seconds, and 2) use of the one-standard-deviation rule can cause production delays. Using tests to determine the optimal fill-line, it has been established that 10.17-ounce mark would result in optimal production and maximum returns. Since probability analysis is only suggestive and the accuracy increases with samples size, it is recommended that more tests be conducted to reach more accurate results. Quality assurance managers of Lorex Pharmaceuticals must determine and select a target amount to which each of the 10 ounce bottles of Linatol, a new high blood pressure medicine, would be filled. ... The pharmaceutical industry is ever changing, as can be seen from the many changes in the structure of markets and organizations that occur over the years. Competition in the industry is intense, which means that mergers, acquisitions, etc. are not uncommon. In the pharmaceutical industry in the U.S., there is an extreme contrast between a specific products market during patent enforcement (where a patent holder may control over 80 percent of the product's market and can charge premium prices) and after the patent expires (where market control is reduced to about 30 percent because of the many sellers and buyers that soon emerge after patent expiration). Lorex Pharmaceuticals has developed Linatol, a new high blood pressure medicine, and the company holds all patents right to it. A company that develops a new drug has the potential to realize very large profits. Decisions in manufacturing budgets and product specifications influence the capacity of a particular product line. These, in turn influence the productivity and actual profit of the company. Thus, manufacturers must take into consideration the cost and quality factors that go into production. It is not unusual for companies to pursue trade-offs in cost, productivity, and efficiency in order to pursue specific markets. This however, can result in poor product quality. This case analysis aims to present some solutions that would help Lorex Pharmaceuticals strike a balance between cost, productivity, and quality. Possible Decision Alternatives Quality assurance managers of Lorex Pharmaceuticals must determine and select a target amount to which each of the 10 ounce

Jackson Pollock and Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jackson Pollock and Modern Art - Essay Example The essay "Jackson Pollock and Modern Art" explores the art of Jackson Pollock and his impact in the context of Modern Art. He was â€Å"a roughshod, ill-mannered, prodigiously ambitious, aggressive, alcoholic, tormented artist .† This image is important to an interpretation of the apparently chaotic nature of much of Pollock’s works, and the technique that led to them. However, as is often the case with creative artists of all sorts, and particularly painters such as Pollock, there was a method to his madness. As Toynton has pointed out, films of Pollock creating his paintings clearly show that even the most abstract of them start as figurative works and only move into the abstract as they develop.Pollock moved his canvas from the easel to the floor, thus enabling him to work on much larger canvases with greater ease than before, and also to see them from multiple points of view. In one revealing statement he talked about his technique and why he used it: My painting d oes not come from the easel. I hardly ever stretch the canvas before painting. I prefer to tack the unstretched canvas to the hard wall or the floor. I need the resistance of a hard surface. On the floor I am more at ease. I feel nearer, more part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting. It is interesting to note that Pollock takes an intense and yet casual approach to his painting. Thus the fact that he does not go through the often laborious process. of stretching the canvas before painting on it, but rather merely tacking it to a wall or floor illustrates the casual, almost primitive method of preparation. At the same time Pollock becomes more intensely involved with the painting, as if he were actually a part of it: I continue to get further away from the usual painter's tools such as easel, palette, brushes, etc. I prefer sticks, trowels, knives and dripping fluid paint or a heavy impasto with sand, broken glass or other foreign matter added. When I am in my painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing. It is only after a sort of 'get acquainted' period that I see what I have been about. I have no fear of making changes, destroying the image, etc., because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well. (Varnedoe, 23) The idea of being "in" the painting is of course hardly new to Pollock, but the fact that his technique apparently fitted into his emotional and intellectual attachment to the painting is. His physical technique: standing on and thus within the painting, had a profound effect both upon his creations and upon generations of creative artists in general and painters in particular, for years both during and after his lifetime. Pollock hinted, although never explicitly stated, that he was influenced by Native American sand paintings, which are made by trickling thin lines of colored sand onto a flat surface. After WWII, in 1947 Pollock began what he called his "action paintings", which were at least partially informed by the surrealist ideas of "psychic automatism". This automatism was meant to be a direct expression of the unconscious. A direct expression of something which is, by definition, unknowable to the conscious mind might seem a

Factors Affecting Healing Capabilities of the Body

Factors Affecting Healing Capabilities of the Body Analyse Health Information James Rowe 1.3) Intracellular fluid makes up approximately 60-67% of total body fluid. With Intracellular fluid making up approximately 33-40% in both these compartments it is water making up a majority of the solvent in the different body compartments. The total body weight that the fluid makes up is about 60% in Men and about 55% in Women. This is lower due to the higher fat content. Fluid Physiology: 2.1 Fluid Compartments. 2014. Fluid Physiology: 2.1 Fluid Compartments. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/FluidBook/fl2_1.php. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. An electrolyte is an electrically charged ion that can affect the amount of water in the body. It is also responsible for determining the acidity of the blood (alters PH). And is responsible for a change in muscle function. Sodium maintains the osmotic pressure and volume of the extracellular fluid within the body. Whereas the intracellular fluid is controlled by potassium. By effecting these the body can effect the amount of fluid being drawn into the ECF and ICF. 2.1) Dehydration is a danger because the body requires water to maintain homeostasis. Water is also a key ingredient in blood volume. The less water in the blood the thicker it becomes. The function of the skin have been impaired because the skin integrity itself is compromised. Depending on wound depth many problems can occur. 1st degree burns à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Superficial skin 2nd degree burns à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Some underlying skin damage 3rd degree burns à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   All skin layers damage After an area of the body has been burnt many things will happen. Including an increase in the amount of WBC that migrate to the area to help fight off infection and start repairing the body. Also the capillaries of the damaged area will be blocked off to prevent and blood loss. And to stop a possible entrance route for any blood infection. Factors affecting the healing capabilities of the body can be categorised into 2 category’s Internal and External. Internal à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Health status (any other illness that may prevent healing) Age Lifestyle Nutritional status External à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Mechanical damage Stress Temperature Debridement of a wound can happen through many different methods. Including surgically, chemically or even by the body’ defence itself. Debridement is where unhealthy tissue is removed from the wound to aid healing. The top 2 layers of the skin are used in a full thickness graft. These are the Dermus and EpiDermus. 3.1) OBS chart Neurovascular OBS Fluid balance chart Referral/Appointment 4.2) Hypertension is high blood pressure. This is where the blood in the artery is being forced around the body under a higher pressure than normal. Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of the artery walls. Meaning that there is a loss in the elasticity of the artery wall. Hypertension and Arteriosclerosis are often related. Due to the pressure hypertension puts on the arterial wall they lose their elasticity and become hard and thick (Arteriosclerosis) Hypertension is referred to as ‘the silent killer’ due to the fact so many people are unaware that they have the disease. The signs and symptoms of hypertension are very discreet and can go un-diagnosed for a lifetime. Cardiovascular disease and old age are often associated. This is because the development of the disease over time and the disease becoming worse with age. Some changes that can be to reduce the risk of developing the disease are improving diet, don’t live under stress for prolonged periods of time, tests for and hereditary factors. If there is an increased amount of platelets in the blood and therefore you have a very high clotting factor then you may be at risk of a blockage in a blood vessel. 5.2) A blue or purple colouration of the skin is referred to as cyanosis. Hypoxia is where an area of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Hypoxia can be generalized or local. Ischemia is the insufficient blood flow to a tissue Hypoxemic hypoxia is where the arterial content of O ² insufficient. This can be caused by a pulmonary embolus or a sudden change in the environment pressure (Diving) 5.3) A tracheostomy is a surgical incision into the next. Opening the airway straight through a hole in the trachea. Endotracheal is a type of tracheal tube inserted through the mouth or nose. Both are a type of tracheal tube that’s purpose is to act as a catheter to establish and maintain a airway. And to ensure enough oxygen gets into the body to allow adequate gas exchange. 5.4) Anaemia is a decrease in the number of RBC or less than normal amount of haemoglobin. This will cause the patient to complain of SOB due to lack of oxygen being supplied to the body due to the lack of haemoglobin. 5.5) The problems that Paul is experiencing with breathing can be due to the muscle spasm down the airway. And the swelling narrows the airway makes it difficult for Paul to breathe. An increase in the production of mucus also explains the wheeze in Pauls breathing. This is because the air being exhaled is being forced through mucus. 6.1) If left untreated then the appendix will rupture causing toxicity in the body. In some extreme cases this poisoning of the body can cause death. 6.2) Because without fibre in the diet stools become difficult to pass. Causing a higher pressure and stronger muscle contraction to be needed. Over a prolonged period this causes damage to the intestine. 6.3) Bile is required to breakdown and aid digestion. If the bile duct is blocked then this would hinder the digestion of some protein and fats. The is because of the bile not reaching the areas that it is meant to. This would mean the body would not be able to absorb essential nutrients during the digestive process meaning there would be a deficiency in the body. 6.4) Jaundice (Yellow skin) Pale colour stool. Dark Urine 8.2) BP increase amount of oxygen to muscles. Vasodilation aids this. Heart beat increase rate of blood pumps around the body and increases the amount of gas exchange occurring in the lungs to help the muscle fuel. Resp Rate increases to allow as much oxygen as possible into the body and to get rid of the CO2. This all allows muscles adequate energy for a fight or flight response. 9.1) When blood enters the kidney (Site of urine formation) it passes through juxtaglomerular that detect blood pressure and blood volume before entering the nephron. When in the Nephron blood needs to be under pressure to force out fluid and solutes (smaller than protein) After reabsorption occurs the remaining waste is urine. Without a suitable BP or BV this wouldn’t occur. 10.1) Concave lenses. This is because the positive diopetes of myopic eye. This will help her see things further away (Refrence Marieb) 10.2) Sensorineural deafness – Degeneration or damage to the nerve, neuron and receptor cell. The MP3 caused damage to the nerves in the ear and the neurons of the auditory cortex. This is more serious than conductive deafness as it effects the ability to hear both conduction routes (Air conduction and Bone conduction) Conduction deafness – Something interferes with sound vibration waves. This means that waves do not reach the inner ear fluid (Ear wax and Blockage)

Waters Representation of Freedom in Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Mississippi River serves as a prominent setting. Huck, a rapscallion who runs away from his dad by faking his death, and Jim, a runaway slave who previously knew Huck, meet up on Jackson’s Island via the river. To Jim, the river is a symbol of freedom and a way to learn. To Huck, the river is a symbol of his life and everything he wants. The open waters bring about bonding, fun times, and a safe house for both characters. Amidst the water brings a deeper meaning of the river than just water, it is a great entity that shows freedom. Jim, the runaway slave, uses this river to escape from Miss Watson, his owner, because she planned on selling him for $800. The river flows to the free states, and this is where Jim plans on going with or without Huck. As he is with Huck more and more, Jim learns emotions, like love and compassion, on the river. Jim’s newly shown emotions come into play when the narrator states, â€Å"It was Jim’s voice – nothing ever sounded so good before. I run along the bank a piece and got aboard, and Jim he grabbed me and hugged me, he was so glad to see me† (Twain 112). Love and compassion is shown here by Jim, to Huck. Only freedom has given this runaway slave a way to learn and live like a human being should. Huck, the rapscallion who fakes his death, also has a deep relationship with the river. He relates the river to his life more or less. Since he is a free man, freedom wouldn’t be the right word, more blithe you could say. â€Å"It was kind of lazy and jolly, laying off comfortable all day, smoking and fishing, and no books nor study† (24). Huck’s nature of a care-free person is shown here. He does not like to be cramped up or reformed to anybody he is not. â€Å"[I] said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft† (113). Huck likes to be free and easy like the flowing river. It is undeniable that a slow-flowing river and Huck’s life are inter-related. To both of the characters, who meet up via this entity of water, the river symbolizes a place to bond and safety. Water's Representation of Freedom in Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Mississippi River serves as a prominent setting. Huck, a rapscallion who runs away from his dad by faking his death, and Jim, a runaway slave who previously knew Huck, meet up on Jackson’s Island via the river. To Jim, the river is a symbol of freedom and a way to learn. To Huck, the river is a symbol of his life and everything he wants. The open waters bring about bonding, fun times, and a safe house for both characters. Amidst the water brings a deeper meaning of the river than just water, it is a great entity that shows freedom. Jim, the runaway slave, uses this river to escape from Miss Watson, his owner, because she planned on selling him for $800. The river flows to the free states, and this is where Jim plans on going with or without Huck. As he is with Huck more and more, Jim learns emotions, like love and compassion, on the river. Jim’s newly shown emotions come into play when the narrator states, â€Å"It was Jim’s voice – nothing ever sounded so good before. I run along the bank a piece and got aboard, and Jim he grabbed me and hugged me, he was so glad to see me† (Twain 112). Love and compassion is shown here by Jim, to Huck. Only freedom has given this runaway slave a way to learn and live like a human being should. Huck, the rapscallion who fakes his death, also has a deep relationship with the river. He relates the river to his life more or less. Since he is a free man, freedom wouldn’t be the right word, more blithe you could say. â€Å"It was kind of lazy and jolly, laying off comfortable all day, smoking and fishing, and no books nor study† (24). Huck’s nature of a care-free person is shown here. He does not like to be cramped up or reformed to anybody he is not. â€Å"[I] said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft† (113). Huck likes to be free and easy like the flowing river. It is undeniable that a slow-flowing river and Huck’s life are inter-related. To both of the characters, who meet up via this entity of water, the river symbolizes a place to bond and safety. Water's Representation of Freedom in Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Mississippi River serves as a prominent setting. Huck, a rapscallion who runs away from his dad by faking his death, and Jim, a runaway slave who previously knew Huck, meet up on Jackson’s Island via the river. To Jim, the river is a symbol of freedom and a way to learn. To Huck, the river is a symbol of his life and everything he wants. The open waters bring about bonding, fun times, and a safe house for both characters. Amidst the water brings a deeper meaning of the river than just water, it is a great entity that shows freedom. Jim, the runaway slave, uses this river to escape from Miss Watson, his owner, because she planned on selling him for $800. The river flows to the free states, and this is where Jim plans on going with or without Huck. As he is with Huck more and more, Jim learns emotions, like love and compassion, on the river. Jim’s newly shown emotions come into play when the narrator states, â€Å"It was Jim’s voice – nothing ever sounded so good before. I run along the bank a piece and got aboard, and Jim he grabbed me and hugged me, he was so glad to see me† (Twain 112). Love and compassion is shown here by Jim, to Huck. Only freedom has given this runaway slave a way to learn and live like a human being should. Huck, the rapscallion who fakes his death, also has a deep relationship with the river. He relates the river to his life more or less. Since he is a free man, freedom wouldn’t be the right word, more blithe you could say. â€Å"It was kind of lazy and jolly, laying off comfortable all day, smoking and fishing, and no books nor study† (24). Huck’s nature of a care-free person is shown here. He does not like to be cramped up or reformed to anybody he is not. â€Å"[I] said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft† (113). Huck likes to be free and easy like the flowing river. It is undeniable that a slow-flowing river and Huck’s life are inter-related. To both of the characters, who meet up via this entity of water, the river symbolizes a place to bond and safety.

Genetically modified food Essay

The past score of years has witnessed the astonishing revolution in the scope of plant breeding technologies. The biological technologies have regularly been utilized to create new gene combinations for progressing crop diversities. This intentionally modified by the manipulation of the DNA, and transformation of certain genes to create new variations of life, which called genetically modified (GM) food. There is presently some debate about whether to accept GM food. The disadvantages of GM food are labelling issue and transformation of certain genes might lead to environmental issues. Nevertheless, there are also a number of crucial advantages such as farmers could improve their economic benefits and GM food could improve the nutritional quality to prevent disease. Therefore, this essay will argue that GM food has obvious benefits to the society because it can improve economic benefits by trading and decrease allergenic. GM food has some negative consequences for society. The main adverse effect is that GM food may has mandatory labelling scheme issues. Research has shown that some manufacturers realize that implement a mandatory labelling scheme could cost a fortune (Steiner 2000, p. 158; Uzogara 2000, p. 188). Moreover, labelling of GM food could remind consumer these products are biotech, and this could lead to customer losses (Uzogara 2000, p. 188). Then, the concept of mandatory labelling scheme for GM food in some countries is uncertainty (Steiner 2000, p. 158). For example, manufacturers use misleading and confusing labelling to muddle the consumer such as ‘may contain genetically modified material’ (Steiner 2000, p. 158). Indeed, labelling issue for GM food is extremely difficult to implement in some countries, governments may promulgate a series of legislation to implementation. Secondly, transformation of new DNA technology used to create GM food that has environmental risks. This involves monarch butterfly early death and threatens beneficial insects, which would seriously destroy the balance of the ecosystem. Some species are suffering from premature death after insects fed by GM crops, and also this might result in difficulty in reproduction such as monarch butterfly and green lacewing insects (Steiner 2000, p. 153). Furthermore, Lemaux (2009, p. 528) has reported an experiment, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in genetically engineered (GE) corn pollen could lead to colony collapse disorder that  accelerate the bees’ decline. It can be seen then that mandatory labelling scheme issue and environmental threats could give rise to some negative aspects for GM food. If one looks closely at the literature on this topic, nevertheless, there are a number of significant advantage points to GM food. One of these is that GM food could improve farmers’ economic benefits. According to Uzogara (2000, p. 193), GM food could be converted from annuals to perennials that would increase crop yields during the year. Perennial crops would lead to increased labor allocation, reduced labor costs, decreased fertilizer use and cost of production for farmers to make more economic profits (Uzogara 2000, pp. 193-194). For example, according to USDA surveys from 2001 to 2003, 79% of US farmers who choose Bt corn to increase yields (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). He also states that the Zaragoza region is one of the three leading GE corn-growing regions in Spanish and has at least 11.8% yield increase. Indeed, the profitability of farmers’ growth is approximately $69 per acre per year higher than conventional farmers (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). Especially, farmers in developing countries realized the most significant economic benefits from GM rice because large-scale farmers have higher yields and less infestation (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). This evidence shows that GF food farming is a potentially high profit margin business, and profitability often depends on factors relating to crop yield and pest infestation. Thus, GM food could change the status quo to achieve the highest profitability for farmers. Allied to this is the further advantage of GM food which could improve nutritional food quality. This involves nutritional content and health-enhancing properties of particular foods that might solve malnutrition and population health problems in developing countries. Uzogara (2000, p. 194) states that GM crops would help the population to reach their daily based requirements and prevent malnutrition. For example, cassava has been genetically modified to have a higher nutrient value (Anon cited in Uzogara 2000, p. 194). Furthermore, the nutritionally enhanced crops like iron, vitamin A and Beta-carotene dense rice could help alleviate malnutrition (Bouis 2007, pp. 80-83). For instance, according to research, approximately three million preschool children in developing countries are suffering from vitamin A deficiency that could lead to visible eye damage,  however, GM rice can increase vitamin A and iron which could prevent blindness (Bouis 2007, pp. 82-86; Ferber cited in Uzogara 2000, p. 194). It is clear that farmers could gain significant economic benefits through GM food because it would increase the yield and reduce labor costs, and nutritionally enhanced crops could help the population to prevent disease or malnutrition. Consequently, although GM food as one kind of biological technologie can have some negative outcomes for labelling and environment issues, GM food arguably has more positive effects. The effect of global trading that is a significant benefit to improve economy. The USA is the dominant exporter of both GM soybeans and GM maize, which are account for 76% of GM maize and 50% of GM soybeans exports (Nielsen et al. 2003, p. 780). He also claims that high-income Asia is the main importer of GM maize and GM soybeans that are 41% and 30% respectively. Moreover, Nabradi & Popp (2011, p. 8) report that GM crops account for a great proportion from global trading that providing significant export profits for many countries. For example, The United States, Argentina and Brazil are the world’s three largest GM soybean and GM maize exporters with above 90% and 80% share of world soybean and maize trade (Nabradi & Popp 2011, pp. 9-10). Similarly, the volume of global soybean trade increased from 85.4 to 87.9 million tonnes from 2009 to 2011, and the volume of global maize trade increased from 86 to 88.5 million tonnes in three years (Nabradi & Popp 2011, p. 10). They also indicate that China has significant soybean importing volume that from 46 to 49 million tonnes during three years. Further to this, eliminating allergens as a result of GM food has been one of the prominent concerns among food quality and human health. Allergenic foods usually contain multiple allergens, such as milk, soy, peanut, crustaceans, fish, egg and tree nuts. According to Herman (2003, p. 1318), using GM to remove intrinsic allergens from soybeans that present in thousands of processed and prepared foods in developed and developing countries. He also claims that eliminate allergens from GM soybeans that has high relationship to the development of GM crops, and transgenic soybeans is a first step in solving food allergies (Herman 2003, p. 1319). Otherwise, the alternative GM method to remove the allergen from food, for instance, some experiments to use gene suppression technology  attempts to reduce and/or eliminate allergens in rye and rice seed, and even use this measure to suppress an allergen in shrimp that is potentially dangerous to sensitive people (Herman 2003, p. 1319). Plausibly, GM food may eliminate allergen from all of food that would help people to stay away from food allergies. Although some argue that GM food may has some negative impacts to mandatory labelling scheme, there is considerable labelling of GM food still has positive impacts on consumer and manufacturers. Uzogara (2000, p. 188) claims that labelling for GM food would enable the consumer to avoid ethical, cultural, or religious reasons by certain foods. For example, Jews and Muslims usually insist on Kosher and Halal foods because the purity of this food can be guaranteed, which not contain pig genes (Uzogara 2000, p. 187). He further maintains that product quality can be improved by labelling, for instance, improved favour, longer shelf-life, and build brand identity. Similarly, according to General Labelling Directive, labelling for GM food that means this can be guaranteed by European regulation, and consumer can trust the information on the products (Andersen 2010, p. 139). Furthermore, while some authors claim that GM food has negative impacts on environment, Uzogara (2000, p. 195) indicates that GM food has still environmental benefits include protection against plant diseases, improvement of saline soil, and herbicide tolerance. GM food like tomatoes, squash and corn become virus resistant that against GM food destroying viruses or viral diseases (Uzogara 2000, p. 195). According to Bouis (2007, p. 80), GM crops can improve soil conditioning that is changing highly saline soils. Then, herbicides are effective against several target weeds also cuts conventional herbicide use significantly (Uzogara 2000, p. 195). While discussing GM food may has some negative impacts to mandatory labelling scheme and environment issues, the considerable positive consequences to improve global trading and remove intrinsic allergens can never be neglected. In conclusion, GM food clearly has advantages on economy and human health. While GM food lead to the mandatory labelling scheme hard to implement and has threats to the environment, success in the labelled GM food let some consumer more easier to choose food and make the crops stronger to against different threats. Furthermore, GM food References: Andersen, LB 2010, ‘The EU rules on labelling of genetically modified foods: mission accomplished?’, European Food & Feed Law Review, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 136-143, viewed 8 November 2014. Bouis, HE 2007, ‘The potential of genetically modified food crops to improve human nutrition in developing countries’, Journal of Development Studies, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 79-96, viewed 28 October 2014. Herman, EM 2003, ‘Genetically modified soybeans and food allergies’, Journal Of Experimental Botany, vol. 54, no. 386, pp. 1317-1319, viewed 12 November 2014. Lemaux, PG 2009, ‘Genetically engineered plants and foods: a scientist’s analysis of the issues (Part II)’, Annual Review Of Plant Biology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 511-559, viewed 11 November 2014. Nabradi, A & Popp, J 2011, ‘Economics of GM crop cultivation’, APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 07-19, viewed 10 November 2014. Steiner, MP 2000, ‘Food flight – the changing landscape of genetically modified foods and the law’, Review Of European Community & International Environmental Law, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 152-160, viewed 11 November 2014. Uzogara, SG 2000, ‘The impact of genetic modification of human foods in the 21st century: A review’, Biotechnology Advances, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 179-206, viewed 3 November 2014.

Acquired capability and skills Essay

Looking at my overall capability and skills acquired in my current academic class, I argue that I had improved a lot since I started taking this course. The activities the professor provided gave me the opportunity to recognize my strengths and weaknesses in composition and other elements significant in completing and creating a good paper. Given this idea, I seek to elaborate on areas that I had sought to improve on and other specific elements that need further attention. At the same time, to support these claims, I shall provide several examples from my previous works to highlight changes that occurred. One relevant element in academic writing is the creation of thesis statement. This sentence/s provides readers direction of the topic and helps them better understand the relevance of the subject (UNC, p. 1). Seeing this, our professor taught us that creating thesis statement must then encompass all of the paper and effectively summarize and point out the arguments presented in a particular paper. Due to this, my first intention was creating such statement and find ways to persuade, entice or provide information to readers. Looking at my compositions, it can be seen that I had significantly changed the way I approached creating thesis statements. In my earlier compositions, these statements are either too vague for readers to comprehend or just implied in the paper. Due to this, I had to make the necessary adjustments to improve the way I compose such. However, this problem has been addressed accordingly in my last paper. In here, I placed the statement at the end of the paper which says that â€Å"The growing problem of poverty simply created the other problems concerning other facets of life; environmental issues, urban housing, health issues, corruption, and the like† (The Slum Residents Feed Off From Danger, p. 4). Seeing this, I feel that I need to improve in the way I create thesis statements. This is to further create impact in my papers and foster deeper understanding on my readers. Whether it is an informational or persuasive, I must find ways to align my paper accordingly to my given thesis statement. Another area that I had seen myself improve is the creation of supporting details to assist my given thesis statement. I had learned in class that for a paper to be academic, it must be able to provide details that will either supplement or sustain the arguments provided in the main idea. That is why, during the course of activities, I had tried to find ways to align my paper to the given topic I chose. For example, the flyer I created concerning malnutrition sought to bridge together the idea of how this issue has affected many and what ways can one try to address the issue. Assessing my current capabilities as far as this facet is concerned, I feel that I still need to improve in the way I link my supporting details to my main idea. This is because there are still several non-related topics that get inserted within my paper. At the same time, I must make sure that these details correlate and synchronize effectively within my work. By actively doing this, I can give readers an easier time in understanding and comprehending my overall intention for writing the paper. Introduction is also a vital element in the creation of an academic paper. This is because it gives readers the ability to become aware of either a backgrounder or the topic discussed in the paper. Having an effective introduction can entice readers to read the article and help them become acquainted with the issue given (UNC, p. 1). Looking at my personal experience in generating introductions, I feel that I had made considerable progress. Though at first this may seem to be the most difficult part of the paper to write, I sought out different strategies that can help me maximize my ability to create a good academic paper. Looking at my compositions, there is one paper that I feel provided a good opening for my paper. Since the topic I am talking about revolves around contact zones, I began my paper by describing the idea for readers to actively decipher what to expect in the paper. It mentions: It is important to understand that the social construction of racial, ethnic, and hierarchical differences, whether physical or cultural, exist as a human experience in the form of contact zones. (American Society and Contact Zones, p. 1). Thus, assessing my capabilities in this facet, I feel that I had made improvements in the way I construct introductory sentences that bridge the main idea or topic to the readers. However, I still feel that there are still setbacks that I need to address to be able to maximize my ability in creating effective statements. I need to make sure each time that this assertion coincides with what I want the readers to make sense of. As far as creating conclusions are concerned, throughout the duration of the course, I had tried to improve on the way I compose these statements. It has been taught that is necessary that I make a striking ending assertion so that it can stick to the mind of readers. Allowing these things to happen can help increase the strength of the paper and further justify the arguments I presented. Analyzing my success in doing this, I feel that I still need to improve in the way I do this because my ideas only try to point out again what I wrote in the previous sections (e. g. Global Community and American Society). Rather than just restating what I mentioned before, I must also highlight the overall stand of the paper and signify the justifications for advocating such belief. Lastly, I had also learned that my conclusion must not end in conveying another topic because it can make the readers confused and think that this is just another part of the paper. Structure, organization and coherence are the next elements I wish to evaluate myself on. These three factors also contribute to the ability of an academic paper to convey information and insights to readers. By taking into consideration the relevance of these ideas, I can increase the ability of people to actively learn from the process and prevent concepts and arguments to be scattered (Darmouth, p. 1). Assessing my growth in the element of structure, I feel that I have shown great strength in making sure that my composition fit a particular structure in the paper. In here, I approached each research in a different manner depending on the scope and tone that I wish to convey. For example, in my argumentative essay entitled Global Community, I structured the paper by first pointing out my main argument and then providing justifications and details to support the paper. On the other hand, in my flyer paper, I brought out the thesis statement and provided relevant information associated with the said topic which is malnutrition. Thus, I feel that I had shown advancement as far as this idea is concerned. For coherence, I still feel that I need to focus on increasing and establishing links in every paragraphs of my paper. This is because the ideas I present in every section seem to not directly relate with one another. Such can give my readers a hard time in establishing a link with the main idea presented and the way I seek out to justify each one. Seeing this, I need to come up with good transition statements that can help readers relate the concepts from the previous paragraphs to the next. These statements can either be in sentence pattern or words such as (1) Moreover, (2) Likewise, (3) In addition, etc. This can help supplement the way I address the paper and signify a new set of ideas to be introduced to the reader. Another strategy I wish to explore and improve on is making effective outlines for a specific research/academic paper. I had learned in class that by making outlines, I can effectively and efficiently prevent mistakes in organization and coherence because this can serve as the backbone for the paper. Allowing myself to device an outline for a specific topic, I can insert and attach important items and concepts on categories it best fits. The last part I wish to ponder on revolves around sentence construction, grammar usage and punctuations. Since I am dwelling with academic paper and not a personal blog it is essential that I see to it that my papers are proofread and follow the rules of the English language. This can then help me hone my grasp of the language and apply the standards I had learned. Reviewing my punctuation marks, I feel that I still need to master and learn several elements. This is because, I can see that I still common mistakes in placing periods, semicolons, colons and commas in a sentences. In here, I must review and understand where each one should be placed and under what conditions can they be only applied. Due to this, I feel that I had only satisfactorily achieved this element and needs to be further improved. As far as grammar usage is concerned, I also consider myself satisfactory because I still have to improve on the words I use in a specific sentence or paragraph. Since these words convey meaning in a particular argument or statement, it is essential that I choose the idea that best fits the description. Though I also learned that using simple words is good, however I must also make sure that these things never get repeated over and over in a particular paragraph. In the end, I feel that the subject has given me new avenues to improve and develop. Comparing my previous compositions, I had seen myself acquire new ideas and skills that can help boost my ability to write academic paper. However, I must also recognize that there are still elements that I need to work on. By constantly working and honing these things, I can maximize my ability and skills to serve my purpose not only in this subject but also for my own personal growth. Works Cited Darmouth. edu Writing: Considering Structure and Organization. 2005 accessed 1 June 2009 from UNC. edu Introductions. 2007 accessed 1 June 2009 from UNC. edu Thesis Statements. 2007 accessed 1 June 2009 from

Mesosaurus Facts and Figures

Mesosaurus Facts and Figures Name: Mesosaurus (Greek for middle lizard); pronounced MAY-so-SORE-usHabitat: Swamps of Africa and South AmericaHistorical Period: Early Permian (300 million years ago)Size and Weight: About three feet long and 10-20 poundsDiet: Plankton and small marine organismsDistinguishing Characteristics: Slender, crocodile-like body; long tail About Mesosaurus Mesosaurus was the odd duck (if youll excuse the mixed species metaphor) among its fellow prehistoric reptiles of the early Permian period. For one thing, this slender creature was an anapsid reptile, meaning it did not have any characteristic openings on the sides of its skull, rather than a more common synapsid (a category that embraced the pelycosaurs, archosaurs and therapsids that preceded the dinosaurs; today, the only living anapsids are turtles and tortoises). And for another, Mesosaurus was one of the first reptiles to return to a partially aquatic lifestyle from its fully terrestrial forebears, like the prehistoric amphibians that preceded it by tens of millions of years. Anatomically, though, Mesosaurus was pretty much plain vanilla, looking a bit like a small, prehistoric crocodile... that is, if youre willing the overlook the thin teeth in its jaws that seem to have been used to filter plankton. Now that all thats been said, however, the most important thing about Mesosaurus is where it lived. The fossils of this prehistoric reptile have been discovered in eastern South America and southern Africa, and since Mesosaurus lived in freshwater lakes and rivers, it clearly couldnt have swum across the expanse of the southern Atlantic Ocean. For this reason, the existence of Mesosaurus helps support the theory of continental drift; that is, the now-well-attested fact that South America and Africa were joined together into the giant continent Gondwana 300 million years ago before the continental plates supporting them broke apart and drifted into their current positions. Mesosaurus is important for yet another reason: this is the earliest identified animal to have left amniote embryos in the fossil record. Its widely believed that amniote animals existed a few million years before Mesosaurus, only recently evolved from the first tetrapods to climb up onto dry land, but we have yet to discern any conclusive fossil evidence for these very early amniote embryos.

To what extent does the Dogme 95 movement challenge the conventional aesthetics of film narrative Essay Example

To what extent does the Dogme 95 movement challenge the conventional aesthetics of film narrative Essay Example To what extent does the Dogme 95 movement challenge the conventional aesthetics of film narrative Paper To what extent does the Dogme 95 movement challenge the conventional aesthetics of film narrative Paper 2002:104). The Dogme declaration was conceived and signed by both von Trier and Vinterberg and contained ten strict vows of chastity that outlined the technical specifics which a director must adhere to for their film to qualify as a Dogme certified production. The technical specifics are as follows: 1 Shooting must be done on location. Props and sets must not be brought. 2 The sound must never be produced apart from the images or vice versa. 3 The camera must be hand-held. Any movement or immobility attainable in the hand is permitted. 4 The film must be in colour. Special lighting is not acceptable. 5 Optical work and filters are forbidden. 6 The film must not contain superficial action. 7 Temporal and geographical alienation are forbidden. 8 Genre movies are not acceptable. 9 The film format must be Academy 35 mm. 10 The director must not be credited. (Adapted from Dogme95, 2007) On completion of a film, a request is submitted to certify the film as a Dogme production. In this, the claimant must agree that the films production adheres to the vows of chastity. There are currently around 190 Dogme films listed on the official Dogme95 website. The first Dogme film production was Festen (The Celebration), a Danish film directed by Thomas Vinterberg on a budget of approximately i 650,000 (Internet Movie Database (IMDb), 2007). Festens storyline is based around the 60th birthday celebration of a familys patriarch, Helge Klingenfeldt, in which following the disclosure of alleged child buse from Helges son, Christian, is witnessed by family members and guests and the celebration becomes a weekend of revelations and events that no guest will ever forget. The second film this essay will address is the fifth installment of Danish Dogme films, Italian For Beginners, written and directed by Lone Scherfig. Italian For Beginners, which remains the highest grossing Danish language film largely due to its success in the United States (Stevenson, 2002; IMDb, 2007), follows the inter-twining paths of six main characters. In the film, a young minister, a widower, is temporarily assigned to a church whose suspended pastor drove parishioners away; he stays at a hotel where he meets Ji rgen, whos and alone approaching middle age. Ji rgens friend Halfinn, a temperamental restaurant manager, is about to be fired. Halfinns assistant is Giulia, a lovely young Italian who prays for a husband. Olympia, a clumsy bakery clerk, has an ornery father and Karen, a hairdresser, has a mother who is very ill. The paths of these six characters cross at church, in the restaurant, at the hotel, and at a local school which they begin to attend Italian evening classes. It is the contention of both Festen and Italian For Beginners to adhere to the technical guidelines which the vows of chastity outline. To a large extent both films are successful in achieving a plausible attempt at this in alluding to the wishes of von Trier to create a film which does not have the stereotypical glossy feel of a Hollywood blockbuster and taking filmmaking back to basics. Addressing these technical specifics separately, both films, which do not credit their directors, follow the rule of shooting on location and using props which would normally be found in such a setting. Festen takes place inside a large country house and its grounds in rural Denmark. As such, the onscreen action is divided between scenes which occur in the bedrooms, bathrooms, the kitchen, a large dining room and the extended exterior grounds of the house. Italian For Beginners for the large part takes place in a small Danish town in suburban Copenhagen, with a smaller segment towards the end of the film shot on location in Venice. The film makes excellent functional use of the town it is filmed in by using the main characters places of work as filming locations alongside their homes and local amenities such as local cafes, the hospital where Karens mother is an inpatient and the school lecture theatre where the main characters congregate on a weekly basis for the Italian classes. This allows for a range of props to be used which would be naturally located in these settings and largely applies to Italian For Beginners as it employs the use of multiple different locations. As Festen is filmed in fewer locations the use of props occurs to a lesser extent, however, the minor touches to a film which are achieved through the use of props is countered by the use of other technical considerations such as lighting, choice of camera shots, music and also through the use of dialogue and the proxemics of the onscreen action. The sound that features in these two films is both natural and diagetic and the music which characterises specific scenes in each film is complimentary to the storyline or the onscreen action. Italian For Beginners features music during the various religious services at the church where Andreas is the Pastor, in the Venetian restaurant where the main characters enjoy a romantic Italian meal at the end of the film and during a somber moment at the hospital where Karen is visiting her mother from an adjacent music room. Festen contains fewer incidences of music. Despite the collective, drunken, singing outbursts of the party guests, the only scene which features explicit music comes after the dinner party when some sleepless, drunk family members, guests and servants gather around the piano to dance in the early hours of the morning. This is integral to the narrative as their drunkenness symbolically marks the deterioration of the Klingenfeldt family at this particular point in the film. The camera work throughout each film uses the Academy 35mm format, neglects the use of both optical work and filters and relies on natural lighting to accompany each shot. Both films are shot in colour and feature the use of hand-held camera work in alignment with the vows of chastity, characterised by the often shaky camera movements particularly when the camera tracks characters movements or switches between shots of characters in a single scene. Furthermore, the films take place without temporal and geographical alienation, however, during the closing scenes of Italian For Beginners the characters stray away from the small Danish town which their previous interactions have taken place in and relocate to Venice to conclude their story. Despite this geographical shift, the same temporal settings apply to the action and the change in location is very much integral to the storyline as is it provides the opportunity for the culmination of the main characters dreams and desires. Festen works in an opposite way to bring together family members and guests from different parts of Denmark and Europe to descend on one specific location in the Danish countryside. Though the action takes place within many different rooms and in the exterior grounds of the house in which the story is set, the action never moves from these grounds and the equilibrium of the story is destabilized and restored within less than a 24-hour time frame. Superficial action, in terms of murders and the use of weapons, is not a part of either film, though it could be contested that superficial action to some extent is portrayed as both films contain violent outbursts of fighting and aggression. During Festen, Michael, along with some other guests, are instructed by Helge to remove Christian from the house, a task which they respond to with force and results in a fight between Christian and Michael outside in the woods. Michael is also featured in other scenes displaying aggression towards his wife (Mette) and subsequent to Helges confirmation that he did abuse Christian and his sister as children; Michael drags Helge from his bedroom in the middle of the night and begins to assault him in the garden. Aggressive outbursts similarly occur in Italian For Beginners, however, to a lesser extent than in Festen. Halfinn is a hostile character by nature and although there are no overt physical assaults in Italian For Beginners, there are several aggressive outbursts by Halfinn with Olympia in the bakers shop when he is refused rum truffles, with the hotel manager when he is fired from his restaurant job and with two patrons of the restaurant who wont remove their feet from a table. Where the two films fall short of meeting all of the criteria for a Dogme film, is with the assignment of genre. The Dogme manifesto states that to qualify as a Dogme film that genre movies are not acceptable (Dogme95, 2007), but this presents itself as a problematic area. Italian For Beginners is chiefly characterised as a romantic comedy and Festen could be labelled as a family drama or a black comedy, thus breaking the fundamental Dogme rule of no assigned genre. This area becomes problematic because in all forms of art, particularly those including the spoken word and action, there are conventions that exist which characterise texts and films and it would be near impossible to create a film that could not be assigned a genre. Marshall and Werndly (2002:114) define genre as a type of text which includes particular and recognizable characteristics that exist within a text that relate it to other texts. Some forms of genre identified by Myers (1994:210) include; a murder mystery, a riddle, a sonnet, a collections letter, or a demonstration advertisement. Furthermore, it is a specific text type which is characterized primarily by the kind of relationship it sets up between its users and certain textual properties which is important to create a relational value between the audience and the text. Moreover, genre is a highly important factor with the marketing of a film. The balance of romance and comedy in Italian For Beginners is perhaps the main component of the film that contributed to its imminent success across the continents as it provides a relational value. Festen was also successful at several International film festivals, chiefly because it was the much anticipated first Dogme production, but it could be argued that part of its success is because it too has a relational value with the audience. Its popularity may have spread because of the elements of production that gave it a genre for filmgoers to relate to, be entertained by and to be interested in. As previously stated, it was the initial contention of the brotherhood to take filmmaking back to basics and remove the Hollywood gloss in a new wave of film production. Adams (2001:1) notes that: The film business, they (von Trier and Vinterberg) concluded, had become overly dependent on special effects, fancy camerawork, and other techniques of production. Rather than being built on the bedrock foundations of drama actors playing real human beings in a story movies were becoming more and more dependent on gratuitous action, special lighting, impressive sets, optical effects, audio engineering, and all the other gee-whiz paraphernalia of showbiz. The vital essence of film, dramatic narrative, was in danger of being submerged in glitz. And as if this werent enough, they also concluded that the cult of personality surrounding the film director was detrimental to making good films. Movies are not the work of a single visionary, they argued, and too many directors spend time making artistic statements to gratify their own egos when they should be concentrating on characters and story. Meddings and Thornbury (2000:1) further state that the Dogme brotherhood, most notably von Trier, rejected Hollywood razzmatazz, and saw itself as a rescue action, attempting to restore to cinema the inner story of its characters and to rehabilitate, for the makers of films, their original joy in film-making. This would be largely achieved through dialogue and an intense focus on the characters and an attempt to reclaim reality by a wholesale purge of their aesthetic means (Matthews, 1999). Naturally, for what is essentially lost by rejecting the special effects, fancy camerawork and removing the Hollywood gloss from production, somewhere along the line must be compensated for in order to keep Dogme films visually interesting, but yet still working within the boundaries of the vows of chastity. In both Festen and Italian For Beginners, this is achieved by two different interpretations of working within the vows of chastity, particularly the rules concerned with camera work, sound, locations and lighting. Beginning with Festen, once the siblings have arrived at the country house and are preparing for dinner there are increasingly rapid cuts between three different scenes which include separate storylines for Christian, Helene and Michael. Christian and Pia (a chambermaid, friend and past lover of Christians) remain in Christians room discussing the past as Pia prepares to take a bath. Michael and Mette are seen in their bedroom arguing about Mette not packing appropriate shoes for Michael to dress in for dinner, a conversation in which Michael reveals the underlying feelings of his fathers disapproval of him because he did not attend the funeral of his sister (Linda). The absence of correct coloured dinner shoes to match his black suit adds fuel to this argument which eventually results in Michael being physically aggressive towards Mette and the instigation of sex which the viewer deduces is not wholly consensual on Mettes part. Following this Michael is seen showering as Mette prepares herself for dinner. Meanwhile, Helene and Lars (the receptionist) enter Lindas former bedroom which has the furniture covered in white sheets and in which Helene is supposed to reside in over the course of the weekend. As Helene leads Lars into the bathroom, the two begin to play a game of getting warmer, marked by following small drawings on the white walls, which is a familiar game from Helenes childhood. The intense focus on the bath in the bathroom suggests to the viewer that this is where Linda committed suicide only months prior to this gathering. The game ends with Helene locating an apparent suicide note from Linda in a light fixture on the ceiling that she conceals in her handbag without reading and which is later read at dinner. The filming cuts between these three separate scenes in an intense building of suspense and the cuts gradually become faster, cutting at integral parts of the story. The climax of the scene occurs as Pia who has been pictured underwater in the bath (mimicking Lindas possible drowning) as Helene begins to read the suspected suicide note. Helene shouts boo to Lars, Pia rises out of the water gasping for air and Michael yells as he falls in the shower and pulls down shower rail. These three separate cuts occur simultaneously, consuming less than two seconds of screen time. Additionally, using hand-held cameras to track the characters movements and to switch to views of different guests in their rooms, outside and in the dining room provides an interesting detail of this film appearing similar to a home video of a familys celebration. Cameras are also placed in unnatural positions during some scenes; as Helene pushes Lindas apparent suicide note into a pill tube pulled from her purse after locating it, a camera is placed under the bottom of the pill tube to capture the note being pushed into the brown tube. Also, in the same sequence in Lindas bedroom, the camera captures the action of the getting warmer game from above, providing an almost birds eye view of events as the camera is attached to a boom mic. However, this is something which breaks one of the vows of chastity as the camera at the point is not technically being hand-held by the standards of the Dogme manifesto.

10 Pairs of Similar-Looking Near Antonyms

10 Pairs of Similar-Looking Near Antonyms 10 Pairs of Similar-Looking Near Antonyms 10 Pairs of Similar-Looking Near Antonyms By Mark Nichol Many pairs of words, often but not always etymologically related, can be easily confused for each other though they mean almost the opposite. Distinguish carefully between these odd couples: Contemptible: deserving of contempt, or despicable (â€Å"Their effort to suddenly kiss up to her once she inherited money was contemptible.†) Contemptuous: demonstrating contempt (â€Å"His contemptuous dismissal of the idea was inexcusably rude.†) (Both words stem from the Latin contemnere, â€Å"to despise.†) Flare: a signal light or a similar literal or figurative eruption (The shipwrecked sailor fired a signal flare to attract attention from the passing vessel.†) Flair: talent, or style (â€Å"He’s shown a remarkable flair for the craft.†) (Flare has uncertain origin, but it is not likely related to flair, from the Latin fragrare â€Å"odor.†) Gourmet: an expert on, or one who appreciates the nuances of, food or drink (â€Å"His reputation as a gourmet rests on his familiarity with all the best restaurants.†) Gourmand: a person enthusiastic about good food and drink; glutton (â€Å"My neighbor the gourmand has pretensions of being knowledgeable about wine.†) (Gourmet is from the French grommet, â€Å"boy servant,† perhaps itself based on English groom; gourmand derives from the Middle French gourmant. In French, gourmand remains a close synonym of gourmet, with no negative connotation.) Incredible: inspiring disbelief, extraordinary (â€Å"The fact that she had survived the ordeal was incredible.†) Incredulous: disbelieving (â€Å"I looked at him with a gaze of incredulous wonder.†) (Both words are from the antonym of the Latin credibilis, â€Å"credible.†) Mantel: a shelf or supporting structure above a fireplace (â€Å"She approached the fireplace and placed the candelabra on the marble mantel.†) Mantle: a literal or figurative cloak, covering, or layer (â€Å"A mantle of authority lay on the chieftain’s broad shoulders.†) (Both words derive from the Latin mantellum.) Material: matter, or components (â€Å"She brushed up against an object covered with soft material.†) Materiel: supplies and equipment, especially used by a specific organization (â€Å"The army found itself running low on materiel as its supply lines were cut.†) (Both words come from the French materiel.) Ordinance: order or law, or established usage (â€Å"The ordinance went into effect on January 1.†) Ordnance: artillery, or weapon-related military supplies (â€Å"The fort was equipped with enough ordnance to withstand several regiments.†) (Both words stem from the Latin ordinare, to put into order.†) Temerity: recklessness (â€Å"My assistant had the temerity to suggest that I didn’t know how to do my job!†) Timidity: lacking in courage or boldness (â€Å"Her timidity about approaching him resulted in another missed opportunity.†) (Temerity is from the Latin temere, â€Å"blindly†; timidity derives from the Latin timere, â€Å"fear.†) Troop: a military unit or similar group (â€Å"The outnumbered troop retreated in the face of overwhelming firepower.†) Troupe: a theatrical group or other collection of entertainers (â€Å"Stratford was often visited by traveling troupes of professional actors.†) (The first word is a variant of the second, a Middle French word meaning â€Å"company† and related to the Germanic thorp, â€Å"village,† which survives in English place names as spelled or, more often, as thorpe.) Venal: mercenary, corrupt (â€Å"His approach to business is purely venal.†) Venial: forgivable, excusable (â€Å"I consider envy a venial sin.†) (Venal derives from Latin the venum, â€Å"sale†; venial comes from the Latin venia, â€Å"pardon.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsContinue and "Continue on"

Fashion and consumer science Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Fashion and consumer science - Term Paper Example This term paper talks about consumers around the world that reflect some distinct behavioural traits while going for purchasing luxury products. Luxury products are purchased by the consumers not only depending on the features and advantages obtained from the product but also tends to avail a large plethora of experiences attached to such. The people availing such luxury products also tend to relate their identity with the products purchased and also with the specific brands and companies from which such commodities are purchased. Consumers do not resort to logical decision making while making the relevant purchases but rather are made to satiate the growing desires of comfort and luxury. It also helps the consumers to create a different social image for them in the society. To satisfy consumerism related to fashion commodities different types of retail formats have grown around the world which help the consumers to sustain their lifestyles. The purchasing activities related to luxur y commodities are conducted by consumers both on the physical and on the virtual plane. On the physical front the consumers tend to frequent the stores from where the commodities can be availed. However the consumers in the modern periods are also found to avail such commodities through the online sphere or through shopping activities conducted by the help of mobiles. The evaluation of the benefits availed through the purchase of luxury commodities is done based on the level of reflection that the consumers gain with the products. Still the luxury commodities produced around the world have some considerable lifetime after which such products or services become redundant and their place is taken by other such products and services. With the increase in sophistication and growth of consumer desires the luxury goods and services need to be enhanced in an aspiring manner to help meet future needs (Okonkwo, 2007, p.63-64). Research Question The research paper in question

An analysis of HRM methods used in order to maintain low staff Essay

An analysis of HRM methods used in order to maintain low staff turnover at Burger king - Essay Example No matter what the size of an organization is or the amount of its resources, the organization survives and thrives because of abilities and capabilities of the people working there. The activities to maximize that ability and those capabilities are essential as to improve the performance of the workers. These activities are called human resource management and are the responsibility of all people in the organization (Heathfield, 2011). The organizational function, Human Resource Management (HRM) includes a range of activities that deals with issues related to employees such as; recruiting and training the best employees, dealing with performance issues, ensuring they are working efficiently and giving their best, deciding what staffing needs the company has and ensuring management practices conform to the regulations. The HRM function also includes organization development, employee motivation, communication, administration, wellness, safety, compensation and benefits. HRM is a comp rehensive and strategic approach to managing the workplace environment and culture, and the people. Effective Human Resource Management enables the workforce to contribute productively and efficiently to the overall organization direction and towards the achievement of the organization's objectives and goals. HRM is the strategic utilization of the employees through which the company expect to add value to its products (Heathfield, 2011). STAFF TURNOVER Staff turnover is the rate at which an employer or an organization loses or gains employees. Simple way to describe staff turnover is how long employees tend to stay at the company. If an organization is said to have a high turnover comparative to its competitors, that means that workers of that organization have a shorter average tenure than those of other organizations in the same industry. High turnover may be damaging to a company's  productivity  if the skilled employees are frequently leaving and the worker population consi sts of a high portion of trainee workers. There a lot of factors that affect staff turnover, some are within the organizations control while others are completely beyond the control of the organization. One of the most common reasons given for leaving a particular company is the availability of higher paying job in some other firm. Some low wage employees are reported to leave a job for another that pays only fifty cents more per hour. The performance of the company is another element that plays part in staff turnover. If the firm is not performing well and is perceived to be in economic difficulty, this will also raise the spectre of imminent layoffs. Employees believe that it is sensible to look for other employment. The organizational culture; the capability of the company to obtain a sense of commitment on the part of workforce, the power of management, and the firm’s development of a sense of shared goals influences indices of job satisfaction as turnover rate and turnov er intentions. Some jobs are inherently more attractive than others. A job's attractiveness is affected by many characteristics, challenge, repetitiveness, danger, capability to elicit a sense of achievement and perceived importance. The status of the job is also significant, so are many other factors. Another aspect that affect staff turnover is the general lack of knowledge and unrealistic expectations that job applicants may have about when they receive

Skills and Competitiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Skills and Competitiveness - Essay Example Advancement in technology has placed an even greater demand for skills. This is because the rate of technical change leads to higher levels of uncertainty for organizations which results in greater demand for problem solving skills   (Streeck, 1989). Countries such as the U.K are facing pressure from emerging countries such as India and China owing to their high growth rates and supply of high skills. Also, the demand for a highly skilled workforce has increased in the midst of intense global competition which has forced companies the developed nations to engage in ‘diversified quality production’ (Streeck, 1989).   On the contrary, critical studies have downplayed the importance of skills in securing innovation. In fact, the recent trend towards innovation may require â€Å"de-skilling† or reduction in the content of skills (Toner, 2011). According to these authors, the reliance on skill development through training has been reduced. This is attributed mostly to developments in the labor market such as self-employment and casualisation which require non-standard nature of work   (Toner, 2011). Furthermore, labor migration and labor mobility have further increased the power of workers and have reduced the incentives for firms to invest in developing skills of workers. Furthermore, the increased female participation in labor also acts as disincentive to train female employees with skills that they know will no longer benefit the organization once the females quit work (owing to family responsibilities or maternity leaves).

Discuss Prousts theory of memory and time using specific examples of Essay

Discuss Prousts theory of memory and time using specific examples of Time regained - Essay Example The precise aspect can be seen immediately in the lead-in of "Time regained": "I spent the whole day in my room, the windows of which opened upon the beautiful verdure of the park, upon the lilacs of the entrance, upon the green leaves of the great trees beside the water and in the forest of Msglise. It was a pleasure to contemplate all this, I was saying to myself: "How charming to have all this greenery in my window" until suddenly in the midst of the great green picture I recognised the clock tower of the Church of Combray toned in contrast to a sombre blue as though it were far distant, not a reproduction of the clock tower but its very self which, defying time and space, thrust itself into the midst of the luminous greenery as if it were engraved upon my window-pane."1. Marcel Proust ends his search of Lost Time with a seventh volume: "Time regained". This last volume shall be seen, not as a conclusion of the entire work but, as the reason the author decides to start to write. We have to consider "Time regained" as an introduction to Proust's previous volumes of "in search of Lost Time" because he finally links art - in his case literature - to memory and time. Art should be the way to represent and ultimately to regain the time which was lost. " This labour of the artist to discover a means of

Auditing case assignment Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auditing assignment - Case Study Example The balance sheet accounts will substantiate or given ample evidence that the revenues reported in the income statements are valid and relevant. For, an increase in cash in the balance would indicate that a cash sales transaction occurred. However, an increase in cash could also be attributed to collection of accounts receivable and not a new sales transaction. In addition, an increase in receivables account would indicate a possible sales on account transaction. On the other hand, an increase in receivables account could be due to an reinstatement or reversal of an accounts receivable that had been written off. Accounts receivable are written off if there is a probability that the a certain amount of receivables can no longer be collected because the customer may be absconded or has filed for bankruptcy in the courts2. Yes, the substantive approach appropriately was applied in EM's audit of Maxall. First, EM determined that a violation of the auditing principle that segregation of incompatible functions occurred. Auditing principles state that incompatible functions of recording, keeping and approving should not be placed in the shoulders of one person.

Customer Service Operations & Excellence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Customer Service Operations & Excellence - Essay Example Service Packages offered by The Edge Restaurant Service Packages also known as â€Å"A bundle of goods and services with information that is provided in some environment†. Supporting facility The physical resources that must be in place before a service can be sold. The physical resources of the Edge include the location of the restaurant in the campus, interior decoration of the restaurant, the advanced point of sale systems etc. Facilitating goods The material consumed by the buyer or items provided by the consumer. The facilitating goods in the Edge would include the food items served by the restaurant like Sandwiches, Baguettes and Paninis, Chocolate bars and tablets, Chocolate crisps, Fresh Fruits, Potato Chips, Waffles, Pancakes, Pasta etc. Explicit services The essential or intrinsic features are known as explicit services. The explicit services of the Edge restaurant would include the quality of food, timing of serving the meal, courtesy and behavior of the staff of th e restaurant etc. Implicit services This includes the psychological benefits or extrinsic features which the consumer may sense only vaguely. These include factors like the spacious environment, space provided for car and motorbike parking etc. The timings of the restaurant is 8:30 am to 2:00 pm which have been kept for the convenience of the students (Disabledgo, 2013b). ... The Service Blueprinting method consists of a graphically represented overview of the service process and activities. In each process the contact and the interaction points of the customers becomes visible. A Service Blue print would be created for The Edge restaurant to understand the interaction points between customers and identification of the failure points of the restaurant. Client Interaction: This separates the process step of the service activities that the client carries out independently (Gremler, n.d.). Visibility Line: It separates the visible service activity from the hidden service activity. Above the line the process components which can be seen, smelt or heard are ordered. Internal Interaction: This separates the activities that imply to the immediate relation to the customer’s order from the support activities. These support activities can serve as a guide for the preparation of the primary activities and do not belong to the customer’s order. Control Line: This separates the preparation activities from the management activities which are general. Line of Interaction Arriving at Canteen, Reading Menu, Selecting Menu, Ordering and Eating Line of Visibility Seating at Table, Giving the menu card, Taking order, Serving food &drinks, checking whether seats are ready or not Line of Internal Interaction Placing order, Taking drinks from counter, placing order on kitchen counter, cooking and serving meal Control Line Creation of special â€Å"order of the day† , Paying at counter etc. (Source: Gremler, n.d.) The failure points in each of the stage would be as follows: a) Line of Interaction: The seating arrangement, cutlery etc of the Edge restaurant can be termed as the failure points in the line of interaction. b) Line of Visibility: The

Auditing case assignment Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auditing assignment - Case Study Example The balance sheet accounts will substantiate or given ample evidence that the revenues reported in the income statements are valid and relevant. For, an increase in cash in the balance would indicate that a cash sales transaction occurred. However, an increase in cash could also be attributed to collection of accounts receivable and not a new sales transaction. In addition, an increase in receivables account would indicate a possible sales on account transaction. On the other hand, an increase in receivables account could be due to an reinstatement or reversal of an accounts receivable that had been written off. Accounts receivable are written off if there is a probability that the a certain amount of receivables can no longer be collected because the customer may be absconded or has filed for bankruptcy in the courts2. Yes, the substantive approach appropriately was applied in EM's audit of Maxall. First, EM determined that a violation of the auditing principle that segregation of incompatible functions occurred. Auditing principles state that incompatible functions of recording, keeping and approving should not be placed in the shoulders of one person.

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Essay Starts off in the present day when Amir receives a phone call from Rahim Khan in Pakistan telling him that he must go and see him. We are told about the events that made him who he is today and we also find out that the grown up Amir has moved to America. Key quotes: â€Å"I became what I am today at the age of twelve. † â€Å"there is a way to be good again â€Å"the hard ripped kite runner. † Flashbacks: The story is being told from end point December 2001, the rest is told as extended flashbacks such as techniques allows the reader to foreshow events which have not yet occurred, building dramatic tension. Two key characters- Ali and Hassan are introduced. Narrator: first person narrative shows only Amirs version of events, rather than those of other characters- all coloured by Amirs personal reactions and emotions. â€Å"The past claws its way out† – no matter how much you want to forget about it, you cant escape it. The use of the word claw carries an image of the theme of redemption. Chapter 2 Amir looks back on his relationship with Hassan. He looks back at the history of religion. We learn that amirs mother died giving birth to him whereas hassans mother ran away after she had him. Hassan is abused on the street for the way he looks. Images of the past: amir take us back to his childhood. The way Hassan is described shows that he is important to amir and is important to the man he has become. â€Å"a face like a chinese doll†- poetic imagery expresses the love he feels for Hassan. Theme of friendship: Amir tells of the time when him and Hassan would get into trouble and Hassan would always take the blame. The friendship is based on Hassan’s loyalty to amir. Amirs first word was ‘baba’ whereas hassans was ‘amir’. Theme of fathers and sons: introduced to baba who is amirs father. He is a powerful man and we are shown early signs of amirs attempts to gain his fathers approval. Both boys have absent mothers which makes everyoes relationship stronger. Theme of religion and ethnicity: ali and Hassan are members of the hazara ethnic group which is seen to be inferior to the Pashtun group. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 is about amir learning that he is not good enough for is father. We see that amir looks up to baba at the beginning of the chapter when we understand how proud amir is because his father did a very selfless thing and built an orphanage with his own money. We see that amir could probably gain more comfort from Rahim Khan than he could from his own father. Yet again, we also see that Hassan cares more for amir as he stands up fr him, but we know at this point that amir wouldn’t do the same for him. Amir wants to live up to his fathers success, we see that amir becomes jealous of baba and hassans relationship as he fights for his attention over Hassan. This results to cruelty to Hassan. Chapter 4 We understand that ali was adopted and brought up b baba’s family. Even though Hassan is amirs friend, he was still treated as a servant. Hassan loves to hear amirs stories, he was the one who encouraged him to write short stories. Baba didn’t want to hear amirs stories whereas Rahim Khan praised them. Setting: rich description of Kabul; colours, noises of the city creates a wild setting for the events of amirs childhood but also provides a basis for comparison when we are presented with a much changed Kabul later in the novel. The setting can be used to portray mood, plot and character. Symbolism: the power of reading- amirs reading to Hassan seems like a friendly act as his mother was a teacher. Amir doesn’t teach Hassan, instead he teases him by teaching him the wrong meaning of words. The pomegranate tree: shows the sweetness of the bond between the two boys who share fruit before amir reads to Hassan. The cemetery and tree are symbols which can be seen throughout the novel. Chapter 5 We see that even though amir isn’t always nice to Hassan.

Influence of Banks on the Economy and Finance Sector

Influence of Banks on the Economy and Finance Sector 1. Introduction Fundamentally, banking is a process that help the people to solve the problem in financial, for instance DBS. The term â€Å"finance† sector is the regulatory framework that permit transactions to be made by incurring and settling debts (Parkin, 2014). Banking and finance means a lot in Singapore economy as it helps the Singapore economy to growth gradually over the last one and a half decades. Besides, the economy of Singapore become the strongest among the Asian (Top 10 most competitive economies in Asia-Pacific | World Economic Forum, 2015). Most of the bank are earning profit by charging interest on money that the bank lend and by trading financial instruments in the financial markets (Risksandrewards.org.uk, 2015). Thus, almost every bank is seeking the rich person and give them the best offer and try to persuade them to save the money in their bank. 2. Contribution to the national economy 2.1 Job Market Basically, job market implies the employer looking for employee and the employee that is looking for jobs. Whether the job market grow or shrink, it is depends on the labour demand and supply within the long-term economy. (Investopedia, 2010). Job market has help Singapore economy, according to Ministry of Manpower report, the jobs that available has risen to 67,400 and it is the highest level in six years (Stats.mom.gov.sg, 2015). The jobs help the citizens and foreign workers to get the job more easily in Singapore, thus, the unemployment rate also has been decreased steadily (Channel NewsAsia, 2015). Moreover, the banking and finance sector help the SMEs with provide loan as much as possible and once the SMEs expanded their business and it will let the Singapore economy become more stable. 2.2 Local Financial institution investing offshores projects The primary transaction of local financial institution is dealing with financial transaction, for example, deposits, loans and investments. Practically, everybody has deal with financial institution all the time. Everything from keeping cash to taking out loans and exchange currencies must be done through financial institutions (Investopedia, 2006). Singapore have to build up the local financial institution so that Singapore itself able to invest the offshore project. Thus, the economy of Singapore will go steadily. Singapore has to use it advantage which is longstanding position as a main trading hub in the Southeast Asia, so that Singapore allow to proceed with the projects. The strategy which Singapore used has promote and develop the strategy to let Singapore to become offshore trading hub for the import and export for the foreign currency. By that time, Singapore foreign exchange market has been inseparable. Thusly the banking and finance service sector has been becoming emphati cally as the year goes through with the enormous economic growth that the Singapore is encountering. Growth in the foreign exchange market has surpass the economy in Singapore and it served to create a lot of worldwide banking institutions. For instance, Singapore leading the global marine and offshore engineering market (Singapore Economic Development Board Investing Business in Singapore, 2015). 2.3 Financing SME SME is extremely important to the Singapore economy said by Finance Minister Tharman (Channel NewsAsia, 2015). The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) announced a series of measures to enhance support for SME to restructure and achieve quality growth. Furthermore, the government will enhance support the SME in the areas of productivity, innovation and capabilities upgrading in order to boost their capabilities and remain the competency between the SME (Mti.gov.sg, 2015). In additional, SMEs are important to economy of Singapore as they make up 99% enterprises, said by MR Tan Ser Luck. As Singapore is a small domestic market, so the SMEs need to take risk abroad relatively in the development in order to grow and there are approximately 74% of the SMEs export the goods and services (News.gov.sg, 2015). 3. Challenge facing by this sectors in present and future 3.1 Government regulation and deregulation Government regulation which means that the law that pass down from government is to control business in order to protect the consumers interest and government institute regulatory law. In contrast, deregulation means government rules and law is removed (Everyday Life Global Post, 2015). There are a ton of regulation that they have to follow all together for the sector to growth in the economy. Without inputting the regulation to sectors, most of the consumer will not be protected if the business has an unscrupulous activity. Banking and finance services sector will face challenges if deregulation happen and it will wind up have confusion in the economy. To keep chaos from occuring in the Singapore economy, it is a difficulties for the government to turn out with the laws and laws for this sector. 3.2 Shortage of skill talent Deficiency of skill talent defined as there is not enough of skill and talented people to help the firm to gain profit by using less employee making more yield. According to the secondary data, runs a business effectively, almost 45% of employers believe that if want a business runs effectively, the skilled talent deficiency is the potential people. Hays done a surveyed of the bosses represent to the employees and it had also figured out that banking and finance services sector is one of the troublesome expert to hire the employees (Hays.com.sg, 2015). According to Hays deficiency of skilled talent may influence the operation and growth of the association. This has additionally indicate the employers in the association to be inventive to attract more employees in this divisions. 3.3 Cyber-crime Basically, Cyber-crime are people utilizing distinctive sort of electronic devices to admonish, affront or login to unauthorised system to abuse the information without authority permission. In Singapore, cyber-crime is one of the difficulties confronting by the banking and finance service division in light of the fact that annual crime brief in 2014 cyber-crime exercises has increment by 1149 cases to make an aggregate of 1659 cases. By contrast, with year 2013 which just have 510 cases. In this cyber-crime it also incorporate crime cyber-extortion, web adoration trick are some of the fabulous crime that are hard to control that why this is one of the difficulties that is face by banking and financial service sector as all this cyber-crime include huge measure of cash being scam (SPF, 2015). 4. Strategic planning by this sectors in the present and future 4.1 Training and Education Due to the shortage of skill and talented employee, training and education is the best planning. The employer send the underperformance employees for training in order to upgrade themselves and learn to be more skilful at the same time while education is send the employees to advance study to gain more knowledge and get a better and higher qualification so can get the banking and finance job. In the banking and finance sector, it required extensive knowledge and skilled so that can produce the good work easily. Banking and finance are very competency as this sector get the very high salary and that’s why government always encourage the firm to send their employees for training to let them be more professional so that it can build up the national economy in Singapore. 4.2 Security and Regulation Security and Regulation is a certificate and all the rules and regulation of the company are stated in the certificate. Singapore government has created the security and regulation in order to preserve the economy and the external intimidation to come into Singapore (Acharya, 2008). Furthermore, security and regulation can preserve the national interest. Therefore, every single rules and regulation has a huge impact for every country and the government have to set it carefully. 5. Conclusion Banking and finance is essential to every country as it will impact the economy of the country. In Singapore, Monetary Authority of Singapore support this sector by setting rules and regulations to supervise the financial institutions. The purpose is to make sure every financial institution abide rules and regulations and hope that this banking and finance sector will create more jobs for and build the Singapore economy stable and better, and have a bright future.

School Uniform :: essays research papers

School UniformThroughout the Japan, numerous school boards have been attempting to standardize the clothing that students wear. The school superintendents who are in favor of uniforms will argue that the children who wear them will experience many benefits. I disagree with this idea. I feel that the use of uniforms will strip identity, stifle creativity and unnecessarily burden the families that cannot afford them. The use of uniforms has already been implemented in several long-standing social environments. The prison or penal system uses uniforms to brand those who are incarcerated. Moreover, military uses them to separate and remove the individualism inside of the soldier. In both cases, individual identity is stripped away and the subject is forced to conform to the same outward appearance as every other subject.Another problem that will surface due to the implementation of school uniforms is the suppression of the individual's creativity and expressions. Many students express wh o they are though the way they dress. If a teenager wants to show something that he or she likes, then he or she might wear a T-shirts that states a positive view on the subjects. School uniforms would end of this example listed within this paragraph and much more.The last problem that needs to be addressed is the necessary load that will be placed upon families. Many low-income families do not have the money available to provide uniforms to their children especially, private schools. In Japan, especially mission schools, the school board trying to pass the legislation that a child cannot attend school unless they have on the proper uniform. An education is supposed to be available to all children, not just the ones whose parents can afford to buy the government ordered, or schools ordered uniform.

just war Essay -- essays research papers fc

One of the oldest traditions in religious ethics is that of the just war. The "Just War Theory" specifies under which conditions war is just. Opposition based on the Just War Theory differs from that of pacifists. Oppositionists oppose particular wars but not all war. Their opposition is based on principals of justice rather than principles of pacifism (Becker 926). In the monotheistic religious traditions of Christianity and Islam, one role of God (or Allah) is to limit or control aggressions among humankind. In these religious traditions, God establishes an ideal or standard for the righteous use of force by followers of the faith. These standards, or just war traditions, address details of when to use force to solve disputes, to what extent the force should be employed, and whose blessing is required to insure that the use of force is appropriate in the eyes of God. If a situation satisfies the just war tradition in that culture and the aggression is carried out for religious reasons, the action can be further classified as holy war. Many Americans connect the concept of holy war only with Islam. In fact the Christian crusades during the middle ages were just such a holy war being waged by Christians against Muslims. Whether a particular situation qualifies as a holy war or not, the focus of the just war tradition is to ask God for approval. â€Å"Appeals to ‘holy war’ or ‘religious crusade’ in one or another tradition are one type of appeal to divine authority regarding the use of force.† In recent history numerous conflicts, border skirmishes, battles and wars have arisen in which governments have decided to apply military force to varying degrees. Inevitably, politicians, policy-makers, religious and military leaders seek divine authority on which to base the struggle of their population and the loss of life. Have religious ethical values or theological aspects of the just war tradition influenced the nature of these military actions? Have the prevailing religious values kept military actions any more humane than they might otherwise have been? This paper will examine the theological roots of the just war tradition in the Christian and Islamic cultures. In addition, it will try to ascertain how religious ethics, and the just war tradition in particular, has been used between the †Å"war† on terror and the United States. Finally, this paper will dem... ...; Weigel, George. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Greenhaven Press, 1978. â€Å"Encyclopedia of Islam.† Esposito, John L. New York: International Union of Academies, 1960. â€Å"Exploring the Christian Faith.† Packer, J.I., Osborn, Grant R., Brown, Colin. Nashville, Tennessee: Lion Publishing, 1996. â€Å"Just War and Jihad, Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions.† Kelsay, John & Johnson, James Turner. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1991. â€Å"Living Religions.† Glasse, Cyril. Oxford University Press, 1995. Fisher, Mary Pat. 4th Ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999. â€Å"The Christian Theology Reader.† McGrath, Alister E. Malden, Ma & Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. 1995, 2001. â€Å"Pacifism.† Encyclopedia of Ethics. Ed. Becker, Lawrence C. New York & London: Garland Publishing, INC. 1992. â€Å"War and Peace.† Encyclopedia of Ethics. Ed. Becker, Lawrence C. New York & London: Garland Publishing, INC. 1992.

Jose Rizal Essay

Rizal’s visit to the United States (1888) Rizal’s Visit to the United States (1888) Rizal first saw America on April 28, 1888. His arrival in this great country was marred by racial prejudice. He saw the discriminatory treatment of the Chinese and the Negros by the white Americans. Arrival in san francisco Saturday,April 28, 1888- The steamer Belgic docked at San Francisco. American health authorities did not let the passengers to land for one week because of the rumored cholera epidemic. Rizal knew there was no cholera epidemic that time and he protest with other passengers the unjustifiable actions of American authorities He soon discovered that it was motivated by politics and the ship was carrying 643 Chinese coolies. Rizal in san francisco May 4, 1888 – The day he was permitted to go ashore and registered at the Palace Hotel which was then considered a first- class hotel in the city May 4 to 6, 1888 – Rizal stayed in San Francisco. Across the American continent May 6, 1888 – it was Sunday, 4:30 P.M., Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland, nine miles across San Francisco Bay, by ferry boat May 7, 1888 – it was morning, Rizal awoke and had a good breakfast at Reno, Nevada, now glamorized by American high-pressure propaganda as â€Å"The Biggest Little City in the World†. Rizal in New york May 13, 1888 – it was Sunday morning when Rizal reached New York. He stayed three days in this city, which he called the â€Å"big town†. From May 7 to May 13, Rizal wrote in his diary the beautiful memories from Nevada, Chicago until he reached Albany. May 16, 1888 – Rizal left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome. Rizal saw the Statue of Liberty on Bedloe Island. Rizal’s impression of america The good impressions were: 1.)The material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, and busy factories. 2.) The drive and the energy of the American people;  3.) The natural beauty of the land 4.)The high standard of living; 5.)The opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants. The bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of racial equality. 1890 – two years after Rizal’s visit to the United States, Jose Alejandro, who was then studying engineering in Belgium, roomed with him. Rizal’s impression of America â€Å"is the land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites†.